Table 2. For males, number of music analysed is provided with as the total number as well as the range of music analysed for each and every personal from inside the mounts. For males, number of nest sites equal exactly how many men registered, for females, they is short for the amount of nests of which i seen them. Men sound functions was indeed averaged into the individual peak prior to calculating brand new showed studies. Imply ± SD | Average is provided with towards the quantity of pulses for every sound, stage, heart rate and you will dominating regularity
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Contour step 3. Numerous heartbeat sounds created by this new corkwing wrasse. Wave-form (top) and you may related spectrogram (below). (a) Grunt regarding a good territorial men corkwing wrasse. (b) Deep grunt from an effective territorial men corkwing wrasse. (c) Grunt from a woman corkwing wrasse. Spectrogram settings: fifty dB dynamic range, Hamming screen (raised sine-squared), 0.008 s window length (men and women grunt), 0.08 s windows length (men strong grunt)
Figure step three. Several pulse songs created by the fresh new corkwing wrasse. Wave-form (top) and you can corresponding spectrogram (below). (a) Grunt out-of good territorial male corkwing wrasse. (b) Strong grunt off a territorial men corkwing wrasse. (c) Grunt from a lady 
corkwing wrasse. Spectrogram settings: fifty dB dynamic assortment, Hamming windows (raised sine-squared), 0.008 s screen size (male and female grunt), 0.08 s windows length (men deep grunt)
Because of the different structure of grunts and deep grunts, we only compared the sound properties statistically, which were the same in both types of grunt, i.e. dominant frequency and duration. The two male grunt types differ significantly from each other in both propertiespared to deep grunts, male grunts are of a shorter duration (t-test: t = 5.44, P < 0.00step one, CI = ?0.47–1.09). The dominant frequency is higher in male grunts than in male deep grunts (Mann Whitney U test: W = 0, N1 = 17, N2 = 11, P < 0.001). Table 2 presents all measured sound properties for comparison.
Compared to male grunts, female grunts had a significantly lower pulse-rate (t-test: t = -6.71, P < 0.0001, CI = -- -). Grunts of males and females had a similar dominant frequency (t-test: t = 1.38, P = 0.17, CI = -0.05- 0.26), duration (t-test: t = 0.47, P = 0.64, CI = -0.19- 0.26), and number of pulses (Mann Whitney U test: W = 302, N1 = 17, N2 = 35, P = 0.94).
Single-heartbeat tunes
Your choice of demonstrably assignable presses triggered the study regarding 102 male clicks away from 30 videos away from 19 anybody and you may 66 people ticks off 20 video clips from the nests away from fourteen guys. Your selection of demonstrably assignable plops contributed to the research from 73 male plops regarding twenty-eight video regarding 18 videos and you may 66 females plops of 21 videos within nests of 14 males. Averaging men sounds for each and every individual male resulted in an example measurements of letter = 18 for presses, and you will letter = 17 getting plops.
Clicks are sharp, single-pulse broadband sounds with their main energy in a frequency range of several hundred Hz, while the sound pressure level difference across the harmonics are small (Figure 4(a), Table 3). The dominant frequency of clicks was significantly higher in males than in females (Mann Whitney U test: W = 409, N1 = 35, N2 = 66, P = 0.04). However, there were some female clicks for which the dominant frequency was much higher than in most clicks (up to 7200 Hz). We did not see any technical reason to exclude these outliers from the analysis. Clicks did not differ between males and females in the sound pressure level difference between dominant frequency and its 5 th harmonic (t-test: t48.cuatro = 0.84, P = 0.40, CI = ?2.17–5.31).
